Certified General Appraiser Exam: Structure, Tips & What to Expect

The Certified General Appraiser Exam, also known as the Comprehensive Exam, is a multi-module challenge that assesses your ability to apply advanced appraisal knowledge. It’s not just about what you know—it’s about how you apply it under pressure. This guide will walk you through the structure of the exam, expert tips for success, and exactly what to expect on test day.

Overview of the Exam Structure
The exam is divided into four separate modules:

  • General Concepts

  • Cost Approach and Highest & Best Use (HBU)

  • Sales Comparison Approach

  • Income Capitalization Approach

Each module must be scheduled individually through Pearson VUE and completed within a 30-day testing window. You can take the modules in any order, and each must be passed independently.

Time Allotments Per Module

  • General Concepts: 3 hours 30 minutes

  • Cost & HBU: 3 hours 30 minutes

  • Sales Comparison: 4 hours

  • Income: 4 hours

All questions are computer-based, and the format is consistent with other Appraisal Institute exams.

What to Expect From Each Module

General Concepts Module
Covers definitions, ethics, valuation theory, and process. You’ll encounter questions on:

  • USPAP compliance

  • Types of value

  • Principles like substitution, balance, and anticipation

  • Market influences (economic, governmental, social, environmental)

Cost Approach & HBU Module
Tests your skills in:

  • Calculating replacement and reproduction costs

  • Applying depreciation

  • Analyzing the highest and best use of land and improvements

  • Defending your conclusions using the four HBU tests

Sales Comparison Module
Focuses on comparable analysis and adjustment techniques. You’ll need to:

  • Build and interpret adjustment grids

  • Justify adjustments using market data

  • Apply reconciliation and bracketing logic

Income Capitalization Module
Emphasizes technical math and investment analysis. You must:

  • Conduct DCF and direct capitalization valuations

  • Analyze leases, expenses, and NOI

  • Estimate reversion and apply yield rates

  • Understand risk and investor expectations

Top Tips for Success on Each Module

Tip 1: Prioritize Based on Strengths
Schedule your strongest module first to build momentum. Save the most challenging for later in the 30-day window.

Tip 2: Practice in a Realistic Format
Use simulated software, time limits, and scratch paper to mimic the Pearson VUE environment.

Tip 3: Memorize Core Formulas
Key formulas should be second nature. Focus on:

  • Cost estimation

  • Cap rates and yield calculations

  • Adjustment methods

  • NOI and DCF equations

Tip 4: Know When to Move On
Don’t get stuck on one question. Flag it, stay calm, and return to it after addressing easier questions.

Test-Day Experience: What You Need to Know

Arrival & Check-In

  • Arrive at least 30 minutes early

  • Bring two forms of ID

  • Follow Pearson VUE’s digital check-in process

  • You’ll be assigned a testing station and receive exam instructions

During the Exam

  • Use your time strategically

  • Utilize flagging features to review questions

  • Use approved calculators only (confirm with the Appraisal Institute in advance)

After Each Module

  • You’ll receive your results after completion

  • If you don’t pass, you can retake that specific module in a future window


The Certified General Appraiser Exam is a rigorous but achievable goal with the right preparation. Knowing the structure and setting realistic expectations can help you approach each module with clarity and confidence. Focus on mastering one section at a time, and soon you’ll be on your way to achieving the highest level of appraisal certification.

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Becoming a Certified General Appraiser: How to Prepare for and Pass the Comprehensive Exam

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Comprehensive Exam Prep for Appraisers: Modules, Study Schedule & Test-Day Tips